Staklo kroz istoriju

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Prirodno staklo poznato je još od davnina. Vrhovi strela i noževa praistorijskih ljudi izrađeni su od vulkanskog stakla i pronađeni na raznim mestima širom Zemljine kugle. Za postojbinu veštačkog stakla smatra se Egipat gde su arheološkim iskopavanjima pronađeni predmeti od stakla, ostaci radionica sa kalupima i delovima peći za topljenje stakla, veće količine staklenog posuđa za kozmetička sredstva i razni stakleni nakit, naročito ogrlice, koje su služile za robnu razmenu. Razvijenu proizvodnju stakla imali su Feničani, Asirci i Palestinci. Kasnije centar proizvodnje stakla postaje Rim (do 5. veka), odakle se ova veština širi po rimskim provincijama. Od stakla se izrađuju ukrasni predmeti i nakit, posuđe za kozmetiku, a u domaćinstvu je staklo zamenilo posuđe od keramike i metala. Padom Rimske imperije (476. godine) centar proizvodnje stakla postaje Vizantija, a u 12. veku Sirija. Padom Sirije pod tursku vlast u 14. veku vodeću ulogu u proizvodnji stakla preuzima Evropa, naročito Francuska i Engleska, a od 15. do 17. veka Venecija, koja proizvodi staklo visoke umetničke vrednosti - ukrasno staklo, bojeno i slikano staklo za prozore, staklo za ogledala i lustere i sl.

Staklo je vrsta čvrste "tečnosti", odnosno skup molekula koji se međusobno ne drže toliko čvrsto kao, na primer, metal ili drvo. Ono ima takozvani amorfni oblik i po tome je slično vosku. Topi se na visokim temperaturama i u ručnoj izradi stakla tako otopljena masa se oblikuje duvanjem kroz naročitu dugu uzanu cev. Mašinska proizvodnja stakla je poverena velikim mašinama koje stvaraju najraznovrsnije oblike, a naročitom obradom stakla dobija se kristal.

1830-1850

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Maigelein beaker lower Rhine valley late 15th century

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Tall Maigelein glass beaker, Germany late 15th century

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Maigelein glass beaker, Germany late 15th century

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Krautstrunk beaker Germany or The Netherlands 1480-1510

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Krautstrunk glass beaker, Germany or The Netherlands, 1480-1510

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Krautstrunk glass beaker, Germany or The Netherlands, 1480-1510

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Glass beaker with applied decoration, German Lower Rhine valley, early 16th century

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Colorless glass beaker with applied decoration, Germany or Switzerland, Late 13th- early 14th century

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Glass bowl with enamel decoration, Venice Italy, early 16th century

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Roman marbled blue bottle 1st Century 5.6 cm

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Roman two handled bottle 1st Century

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Handle is ribbed and looped at rim on Roman pitcher 1st Century

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Hofhem cup with wheel-cut lines 1st Century

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Roman glass skyphos with two handles and thumb rests 1st Century

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Roman amber bottle 1st Century 11.5 cm

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Roman pitcher with trefoil mouth 1st Century

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Light green Roemer 19-20th Century

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Victorian Enamelled Roemer 1890-1910 H 11cm

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Bohemian Wine Glass C. 1690

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Bohemian Engraved Goblet 1700-1720

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Bottle with Pinched Center C. 1750